Eid, A., Ahmad, M., Ghareeb, D., Ali, M. (2023). The impact of several urine adulterants on samples that test positive for Tetrahydrocannabinol using screening tests. Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 21(2), 212-242. doi: 10.21608/zjfm.2023.207429.1148
Amir Eid; Manar A Ahmad; Dalia Ghareeb; Motee R. Ali. "The impact of several urine adulterants on samples that test positive for Tetrahydrocannabinol using screening tests". Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 21, 2, 2023, 212-242. doi: 10.21608/zjfm.2023.207429.1148
Eid, A., Ahmad, M., Ghareeb, D., Ali, M. (2023). 'The impact of several urine adulterants on samples that test positive for Tetrahydrocannabinol using screening tests', Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 21(2), pp. 212-242. doi: 10.21608/zjfm.2023.207429.1148
Eid, A., Ahmad, M., Ghareeb, D., Ali, M. The impact of several urine adulterants on samples that test positive for Tetrahydrocannabinol using screening tests. Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2023; 21(2): 212-242. doi: 10.21608/zjfm.2023.207429.1148
The impact of several urine adulterants on samples that test positive for Tetrahydrocannabinol using screening tests
1Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514 Egypt
2Forensic medicine and clinical toxicology department, Faculty of medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
3Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
Abstract
Background: Adulteration, a process that involves manipulating a urine specimen with chemical adulterants to obtain a false negative test result, is one of the biggest problems with urine drug testing. Objective: Assessment of effects of some adulterants on urinary drug testing of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), comparing effects on two screening methods immunoassay and Thin layer chromatography (TLC). Methods: urine samples first were test positive for THC by GC/MS in the toxicology lab at Beni-Suef University. THC positive urine samples were then adulterated by water, HCL bleach, 5% acetic acid, and Tetrahydrozoline eye drops at different concentrations. Finally urine samples were reevaluated for THC using 2 immunoassays, and TLC also, urinary PH, specific gravity, and creatinine and nitrites were assessed then. Results: The PH of urine significantly decreased after being adulterated with 5% acetic acid at concentrations of 10 and 40, highly significant rise in the PH following 40% Tetrahydrozoline, 10% and 40% HCl bleach and after 300% water dilution. Neither 5% acetic acid nor Tetrahydrozoline at concentration 10 had any impact on urine creatinine levels. HCL-based bleach at concentration 40 and twofold water dilution caused the largest, most significant drop in specific gravity. Except for HCL-based bleach, which included nitrates in 100% of cases at a concentration of 40 and in 76.7% of cases at a concentration of 10, no nitrates were detected in urine samples before the addition of adulterants. Overall accuracy is the best for VIVA E except in HCL bleach at 40% and water dilution by 300%, TLC is better. These results showed that VIVA E overall accuracy is better than other methods comparing to GC/MS as gold standard for THC before adding adulterants. Conclusions: HCl bleach caused the most remarkable changed to urine parameters. VIVA E overall accuracy is better than other methods comparing to GC/MS.
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