Soliman, A., Haggag, O., Sharaf Eldin, A., Abdullah, O., Ali, N. (2024). Role of Biomarkers in Determination of Wound Age: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Study. Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 22(1), 177-204. doi: 10.21608/zjfm.2023.247011.1170
Asmaa Abd Al Aziz Soliman; Ola Gaber Haggag; Abeer Abd Elwahab Sharaf Eldin; Omnia Al-saied Abdullah; Nagah Elsayed Mohammed Ali. "Role of Biomarkers in Determination of Wound Age: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Study". Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 22, 1, 2024, 177-204. doi: 10.21608/zjfm.2023.247011.1170
Soliman, A., Haggag, O., Sharaf Eldin, A., Abdullah, O., Ali, N. (2024). 'Role of Biomarkers in Determination of Wound Age: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Study', Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 22(1), pp. 177-204. doi: 10.21608/zjfm.2023.247011.1170
Soliman, A., Haggag, O., Sharaf Eldin, A., Abdullah, O., Ali, N. Role of Biomarkers in Determination of Wound Age: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Study. Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2024; 22(1): 177-204. doi: 10.21608/zjfm.2023.247011.1170
Role of Biomarkers in Determination of Wound Age: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Study
1Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
2Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
3Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Abstract
Background: Wound age determination is a critical aspect of forensic investigations. The primary objective aimed to determine the appropriateness of VEGF, α-SMA, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 biomarkers for wound age determination in rats. We conducted histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular assessments to investigate changes in these markers over different post-wounding time intervals. Methods: Forty-eight healthy adult male albino rats were separated into 8 equal groups based on the post-wounding time interval. Histopathological examinations, immunohistochemical staining, and gene expression analyses were performed on skin samples to assess the statement of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Data were analysed statistically to determine the significance of changes over time. Results:The histopathological analysis revealed distinct changes in skin tissue over time, ranging from ulceration to reepithelialization and tissue regeneration. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated varying levels of VEGF and α-SMA expression, with marked increases in later post-wounding periods. Molecular analysis indicated a significant upregulation of TNF-α and TGF-β1 expression, reaching peak levels around seven days post-wounding. Conclusions:The use of VEGF, α-SMA, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 as potential biomarkers for wound age determination. The expression patterns of these markers in the rat skin suggest their suitability for forensic applications.
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